bytebuster: (CH-biang3biang3mien4)
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Q: Under what circumstances are the archaic conjugations of бути used?

Wikipedia notes that бути can be conjugated as such:

я      єсьми | ми єсьмо
-------------|----------
ти     єси   | ви єсьте
-------------|----------
він,         |
вона,  єсть  | вони суть
воно         |

It says that these conjugation are "considered archaic in Standard Ukrainian (albeit those are still used in dialects)"

My question is, which dialects/circumstances are these conjugations used in? Is it similar to how Early-Modern English conjugations are used today? (i.e. to sound purposely Shakespearean or archaic)


A:

One of the most vivid examples of use would be суть.

It underwent a grammaticalization process (namely, specialization) and exists in the form суть and a derived form, сутність. Both mean "essence, essentiality, core content" (noun).

По суті, нічого ще не зроблено в житті — Олесь Гончар
In essence, nothing yet has been done in [your] life

The same word суть is also used in its original meaning, even today (let alone the fact many native speakers use it without deep understanding):

вони суть програмісти — they are programmers

Also, the archaic forms are natural part of Church Slavonic which is used in Christian rituals.
For example, the famous Lord's Prayer begins with the words:

Ѿче нашъ иже¹ єси на небесѣхъ (Church Slav.)
Отче наш, іже єси на небесіх (Modern adaptation)
Our Father who is in heaven (Eng.)

¹ іже is an archaic form of which.

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